International influences
Medieval cookery books, which were aimed at the elite, contain few recipes for beverages. Even though it was not used for cooking, beer was a very popular drink: by the end of the Middle Ages, the average city dweller drank about one litre of beer a day. Lemonades, verjuice based drinks and syrups are only mentioned in a Moorish-Andalusian book from the 13th century. In Spain, people drank grenadine or lemonade with mint, basil and cloves, but syrup made from roses, violets, coriander and lavender was popular too.
Flemish and French cookery books exclusively mention recipes for mulled wine, the ingredients of which (cinammon, ginger, galangal and sugar) are still used in contemporary mulled wine.